chore(changelog): remove generated CHANGELOG.md before merge

- Add a workflow to synchronize Gitea releases with GitHub
- Remove deprecated upload-assets workflow example

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -17,13 +17,36 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Set up Deno
-        uses: denoland/setup-deno@v1
+      - uses: denoland/setup-deno@v1
         with:
           deno-version: v2.x
 
-      - name: Run CI Checks
+      - name: Format
+        id: format
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: deno task fmt
+
+      - name: Lint
+        id: lint
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: deno task lint
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: deno task test
+
+      - name: Benchmark
+        id: benchmark
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: deno task benchmark
+
+      - name: Fail if any step failed
+        if: |
+          steps.format.outcome != 'success' ||
+          steps.lint.outcome != 'success' ||
+          steps.test.outcome != 'success' ||
+          steps.benchmark.outcome != 'success'
         run: |
-          deno fmt --check
-          deno lint
-          deno task test
+          echo "::error::One or more steps failed"
+          exit 1

.gitea/workflows/sync-release-to-github.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Sync Release to GitHub
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-publish:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}
+
+      - name: Run Releases Sync Action
+        uses: https://git.0xmax42.io/actions/releases-sync@main
+        with:
+          gitea_token: $ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN
+          gitea_url: https://git.0xmax42.io
+          gitea_owner: maxp
+          gitea_repo: http-kernel
+          tag_name: ${{ inputs.tag || github.event.release.tag_name }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.SYNC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          github_owner: 0xMax42
+          github_repo: http-kernel

.gitea/workflows/upload-assets.yml.example

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# ========================
-# 📦 Upload Assets Template
-# ========================
-# Dieser Workflow wird automatisch ausgelöst, wenn ein Release
-# in Gitea veröffentlicht wurde (event: release.published).
-#
-# Er dient dem Zweck, Release-Artefakte (wie z. B. Binary-Dateien,
-# Changelogs oder Build-Zips) nachträglich mit dem Release zu verknüpfen.
-#
-# Voraussetzung: Zwei Shell-Skripte liegen im Projekt:
-# - .gitea/scripts/get-release-id.sh → ermittelt Release-ID per Tag
-# - .gitea/scripts/upload-asset.sh → lädt Datei als Release-Asset hoch
-#
-# --------------------------------------
-
-name: Upload Assets
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]  # Nur bei Veröffentlichung eines Releases (nicht bei Entwürfen)
-
-jobs:
-  upload-assets:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      # 📥 Checke den Stand des Repos aus, exakt auf dem veröffentlichten Tag
-      # So ist garantiert, dass die Artefakte dem Zustand des Releases entsprechen.
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}  # z. B. "v1.2.3"
-          fetch-depth: 0                             # vollständige Git-Historie (für z. B. git-cliff, logs etc.)
-
-      # 🆔 Hole die Release-ID basierend auf dem Tag
-      # Die ID wird als Umgebungsvariable RELEASE_ID über $GITHUB_ENV verfügbar gemacht.
-      - name: Get Release ID from tag
-        run: .gitea/scripts/get-release-id.sh "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"
-
-      # 🔼 Upload eines Release-Assets
-      # Beispiel: Lade CHANGELOG.md als Datei mit abweichendem Namen "RELEASE-NOTES.md" hoch
-      #
-      # Du kannst beliebig viele Upload-Schritte hinzufügen oder in einer Schleife iterieren.
-      #
-      # Hinweis: RELEASE_ID wird automatisch verwendet, da get-release-id.sh sie exportiert.
-      #
-      # - name: Upload CHANGELOG.md as RELEASE-NOTES.md
-      #   run: .gitea/scripts/upload-asset.sh ./CHANGELOG.md RELEASE-NOTES.md

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 coverage/
 logs/
 .locale/
+.local/
 cache/
 out.py
 output.txt

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Changelog
-
-All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
-
-## [unreleased]
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- *(workflows)* Conditionally generate changelog - ([b44bb2d](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b44bb2ddafe99c85b25229d2c4a0dfeacf750052))
-- *(workflows)* Add CI for Deno project tests - ([9d5db4f](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/9d5db4f414cf961248f2b879f2b132b81a32cb92))
-
-### 🐛 Bug Fixes
-
-- *(workflows)* Ensure version detection output is always set - ([3707242](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/3707242d278e15c55a41056bb64810f6824d24b3))
-
-### 🚜 Refactor
-
-- *(imports)* Use explicit type-only imports across codebase - ([b83aa33](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b83aa330b34523e5102ab98ee61dedbbd62d4656))
-- *(workflows)* Rename changelog file for consistency - ([b9d25f2](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b9d25f23fc6ad7696deee319024aa5b1af4d98c0))
-
-### 📚 Documentation
-
-- *(release)* Update guidelines for handling changelog - ([6a0f1c7](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/6a0f1c774bc01ab976090612bbc361576feb3942))
-- Add README for HttpKernel project - ([a1ce306](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/a1ce30627c68a3f869eb6a104308322af8596dc1))
-- Add MIT license file - ([5118a19](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/5118a19aeaa1102591aa7fe093fdec1aa19dc7f5))
-
-### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks
-
-- *(config)* Add exports field to module metadata - ([c28eb7f](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/c28eb7f28dfaa8d3fdc540c4bcc306a3a8b9d6f8))
-- *(git)* Ignore merge conflicts for CHANGELOG.md - ([6399113](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/6399113e122e1207ebf4113aebd250358e31f461))
-- *(workflows)* Refine branch handling in release process - ([71ea424](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/71ea4247b35dc4afe5090d3c6502bfa936b5a947))
-- *(workflows)* Update changelog file extension to .md and revert b9d25f23fc - ([a88b4d1](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/a88b4d112f5c07664d41f6e9d03246307551f25d))
-- Rename changelog and readme files to use .md extension - ([4f2b650](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/4f2b65049f461ef377e7231905fd066cbc3c7fe0))
-- *(workflows)* Update test workflow for http-kernel project - ([0311546](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/03115464e0fb01b8ca00a2fdabde013d004ae8a2))
-- *(workflows)* Update Deno setup action to v2 - ([1233a0b](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/1233a0b7204d12a60f4b7bd1199242a4cb7c4579))
-- *(workflows)* Remove unused workflow_dispatch trigger - ([16c0053](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/16c0053964c72d01e5f555ec8f33c9eead160e69))
-- *(tasks)* Remove commented-out start and watch scripts - ([04029f8](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/04029f87a3b9dd24e8792b852ead9097e18d23c7))
-
-## [0.1.0] - 2025-05-08
-
-### 🚀 Features
-
-- *(workflows)* Add automated changelog and release workflow - ([bbf78cf](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/bbf78cff17be0cae651b8abf3e239103b26354bf))
-- *(vscode)* Customize activity bar and peacock colors - ([56633cd](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/56633cd95b37a8b2cfd8eb95982d07cd1f9b5126))
-- *(workflows)* Add upload assets template for releases - ([7b6eb2b](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/7b6eb2b57470198684a1dfa8b668351b8b9a91ae))
-- *(config)* Add project metadata and test watch task - ([b009b57](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b009b5763d1824fc94fdc1e3d919fe2597158f84))
-- *(http)* Add error handling for invalid HTTP methods - ([ba7aa79](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/ba7aa79f56772213bf73b62bc6bf8810f3871127))
-- *(http)* Enhance type safety and extend route context - ([a236fa7](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/a236fa7c97ae49e6baf560d4ca92c6e83702b3ec))
-
-### 🐛 Bug Fixes
-
-- *(params)* Enforce non-undefined route parameter values - ([b0c6901](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b0c6901d7d272ec98b3d00ef2dd2848482892a25))
-
-### 🚜 Refactor
-
-- *(types)* Unify handler and middleware definitions - ([8235680](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/8235680904c7f30f25b98b835d48376431108e91))
-- *(core)* [**breaking**] Enhance HttpKernel pipeline and matcher system with full context and error handling - ([b7410b4](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/b7410b44dd8720e46ee2871aa1727ce5039ebad4))
-- *(httpkernel)* Introduce configuration object for flexibility - ([9059bdd](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/9059bdda62081c8e775087cabe4c3406e42065a5))
-
-### 📚 Documentation
-
-- *(gitea)* Add release automation guide and scripts - ([5c03cdf](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/5c03cdfb031adeb6ee5d0de0889477d6d1efafef))
-- *(httpkernel)* Enhance class and interface documentation - ([6c4420d](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/6c4420d32f8e7fe317f7c1b0b45de2dcf8565ef5))
-
-### 🧪 Testing
-
-- *(utils)* Rename and update import paths in test file - ([82a6877](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/82a687748558f15c2023861a0cc3a33095c86731))
-- *(utils)* Add unit tests for parseQuery function - ([94525fc](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/94525fce5299f3417801f0152a475892e1edac30))
-
-### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks
-
-- *(config)* Add default git-cliff configuration - ([661f83d](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/661f83d1fd0101aa0d5d06b60f6eeb68efac6ceb))
-- *(gitignore)* Add .gitea/COMMIT_GPT.md to ignored files - ([f083856](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/f0838567b46822327fe739d8de099722e405dfa3))
-- *(settings)* Add exportall configuration for barrel name and message - ([0990cac](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/0990cacb225e1cbbbbb2a288501df7de9641294f))
-- *(.gitignore)* Add git_log_diff.txt to ignore list - ([fd1c7f4](https://git.0xmax42.io/maxp/http-kernel/commit/fd1c7f4170ffffd55ab276090f8b90ee82b853fc))
-
-

deno.jsonc

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@
     },
     "tasks": {
         "test": "deno test --allow-net --allow-env --unstable-kv --allow-read --allow-write --coverage **/__tests__/*.test.ts",
-        "test:watch": "deno test --watch --allow-net --allow-env --unstable-kv --allow-read --allow-write **/__tests__/*.test.ts"
+        "test:watch": "deno test --watch --allow-net --allow-env --unstable-kv --allow-read --allow-write **/__tests__/*.test.ts",
+        "benchmark": "deno bench --allow-net --allow-env --unstable-kv --allow-read --allow-write **/__bench__/*.bench.ts",
+        "fmt": "deno fmt --check",
+        "lint": "deno lint",
+        "ci": "deno task fmt && deno task lint && deno task test && deno task benchmark" // For local CI checks
     },
     "compilerOptions": {
         "lib": [
@@ -29,5 +33,4 @@
             "main.ts"
         ]
     }
-    //"importMap": "./import_map.json"
 }

src/HttpKernel.ts

@@ -8,13 +8,9 @@ import type {
 } from './Interfaces/mod.ts';
 import {
     type DeepPartial,
-    type Handler,
     HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
     HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
     HttpStatusTextMap,
-    isHandler,
-    isMiddleware,
-    type Middleware,
 } from './Types/mod.ts';
 import { RouteBuilder } from './RouteBuilder.ts';
 import { createEmptyContext, normalizeError } from './Utils/mod.ts';
@@ -108,11 +104,12 @@ export class HttpKernel<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
                     query: match.query,
                     state: {},
                 } as TContext;
-                return await this.executePipeline(
-                    ctx,
-                    route.middlewares,
-                    route.handler,
-                );
+                try {
+                    const response = await route.runRoute(ctx);
+                    return this.cfg.decorateResponse(response, ctx);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    return await this.handleInternalError(ctx, e);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -135,65 +132,13 @@ export class HttpKernel<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
         this.routes.push(route as unknown as IInternalRoute<TContext>);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Executes the middleware and handler pipeline for a matched route.
-     *
-     * This function:
-     * - Enforces linear middleware execution with `next()` tracking
-     * - Validates middleware and handler types at runtime
-     * - Applies the optional response decorator post-processing
-     * - Handles all runtime errors via the configured 500 handler
-     *
-     * @param ctx - The active request context passed to middleware and handler.
-     * @param middleware - Ordered middleware functions for this route.
-     * @param handler - The final handler responsible for generating a response.
-     * @returns The final HTTP `Response`, possibly decorated.
-     */
-    private async executePipeline(
+    private handleInternalError = (
         ctx: TContext,
-        middleware: Middleware<TContext>[],
-        handler: Handler<TContext>,
-    ): Promise<Response> {
-        const handleInternalError = (ctx: TContext, err?: unknown) =>
-            this.cfg.httpErrorHandlers[HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR](
-                ctx,
-                normalizeError(err),
-            );
-
-        let lastIndex = -1;
-
-        const dispatch = async (currentIndex: number): Promise<Response> => {
-            if (currentIndex <= lastIndex) {
-                throw new Error('Middleware called `next()` multiple times');
-            }
-            lastIndex = currentIndex;
-
-            const isWithinMiddleware = currentIndex < middleware.length;
-            const fn = isWithinMiddleware ? middleware[currentIndex] : handler;
-
-            if (isWithinMiddleware) {
-                if (!isMiddleware(fn)) {
-                    throw new Error(
-                        'Expected middleware function, but received invalid value',
-                    );
-                }
-                return await fn(ctx, () => dispatch(currentIndex + 1));
-            }
-
-            if (!isHandler(fn)) {
-                throw new Error(
-                    'Expected request handler, but received invalid value',
-                );
-            }
-
-            return await fn(ctx);
-        };
-
-        try {
-            const response = await dispatch(0);
-            return this.cfg.decorateResponse(response, ctx);
-        } catch (e) {
-            return handleInternalError(ctx, e);
-        }
-    }
+        err?: unknown,
+    ): Response | Promise<Response> => {
+        return this.cfg.httpErrorHandlers[HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR](
+            ctx,
+            normalizeError(err),
+        );
+    };
 }

src/Interfaces/IInternalRoute.ts

@@ -36,4 +36,29 @@ export interface IInternalRoute<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
      * The final handler that generates the HTTP response after all middleware has run.
      */
     handler: Handler<TContext>;
+
+    /**
+     * The fully compiled execution pipeline for this route.
+     *
+     * This function is generated at route registration time and encapsulates the
+     * entire middleware chain as well as the final handler. It is called by the
+     * HttpKernel during request dispatch when a route has been matched.
+     *
+     * Internally, `runRoute` ensures that each middleware is invoked in the correct order
+     * and receives a `next()` callback to pass control downstream. The final handler is
+     * invoked once all middleware has completed or short-circuited the pipeline.
+     *
+     * It is guaranteed that:
+     * - The function is statically compiled and does not perform dynamic dispatching.
+     * - Each middleware can only call `next()` once; repeated invocations will throw.
+     * - The return value is either a `Response` or a Promise resolving to one.
+     *
+     * @param ctx - The context object carrying route, request, response and other scoped data.
+     * @returns A `Response` object or a Promise resolving to a `Response`.
+     *
+     * @throws {Error} If a middleware calls `next()` more than once.
+     */
+    runRoute: (
+        ctx: TContext,
+    ) => Promise<Response> | Response;
 }

src/RouteBuilder.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 import type { IRouteMatcherFactory } from './Interfaces/IRouteMatcher.ts';
 import type {
     IContext,
+    IInternalRoute,
     IRouteBuilder,
     IRouteDefinition,
 } from './Interfaces/mod.ts';
-import type { Handler, Middleware, RegisterRoute } from './Types/mod.ts';
+import { isHandler } from './Types/Handler.ts';
+import {
+    type Handler,
+    isMiddleware,
+    type Middleware,
+    type RegisterRoute,
+} from './Types/mod.ts';
 import { createRouteMatcher } from './Utils/createRouteMatcher.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -66,6 +73,76 @@ export class RouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
             matcher,
             middlewares: this.mws,
             handler: handler,
+            runRoute: this.compile({
+                middlewares: this.mws,
+                handler: handler,
+            }),
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles the middleware chain and handler into a single executable function.
+     *
+     * This method constructs a statically linked function chain by reducing all middleware
+     * and the final handler into one composed `runRoute` function. Each middleware receives
+     * a `next()` callback that invokes the next function in the chain.
+     *
+     * Additionally, the returned function ensures that `next()` can only be called once
+     * per middleware. If `next()` is invoked multiple times within the same middleware,
+     * a runtime `Error` is thrown, preventing unintended double-processing.
+     *
+     * Type safety is enforced at compile time:
+     * - If the final handler does not match the expected signature, a `TypeError` is thrown.
+     * - If any middleware does not conform to the middleware interface, a `TypeError` is thrown.
+     *
+     * @param route - A partial route object containing middleware and handler,
+     *                excluding `matcher`, `method`, and `runRoute`.
+     * @returns A composed route execution function that takes a context object
+     *          and returns a `Promise<Response>`.
+     *
+     * @throws {TypeError} If the handler or any middleware function is invalid.
+     * @throws {Error} If a middleware calls `next()` more than once during execution.
+     */
+    private compile(
+        route: Omit<
+            IInternalRoute<TContext>,
+            'runRoute' | 'matcher' | 'method'
+        >,
+    ): (
+        ctx: TContext,
+    ) => Promise<Response> {
+        if (!isHandler<TContext>(route.handler)) {
+            throw new TypeError(
+                'Route handler must be a function returning a Promise<Response>.',
+            );
+        }
+        let composed = route.handler;
+
+        for (let i = route.middlewares.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (!isMiddleware<TContext>(route.middlewares[i])) {
+                throw new TypeError(
+                    `Middleware at index ${i} is not a valid function.`,
+                );
+            }
+
+            const current = route.middlewares[i];
+            const next = composed;
+
+            composed = async (ctx: TContext): Promise<Response> => {
+                let called = false;
+
+                return await current(ctx, async () => {
+                    if (called) {
+                        throw new Error(
+                            `next() called multiple times in middleware at index ${i}`,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    called = true;
+                    return await next(ctx);
+                });
+            };
+        }
+
+        return composed;
+    }
 }

src/__bench__/HttpKernel.bench.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import type { IRouteDefinition } from '../Interfaces/mod.ts';
+import { HttpKernel } from '../mod.ts';
+
+const CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 10000;
+
+// Deno.bench('Simple request', async (b) => {
+//     const kernel = new HttpKernel();
+
+//     const def: IRouteDefinition = { method: 'GET', path: '/hello' };
+//     kernel.route(def).handle((_ctx) => {
+//         return Promise.resolve(new Response('OK', { status: 200 }));
+//     });
+//     b.start();
+//     await kernel.handle(
+//         new Request('http://localhost/hello', { method: 'GET' }),
+//     );
+//     b.end();
+// });
+
+Deno.bench('Simple request (parallel)', async (b) => {
+    const kernel = new HttpKernel();
+
+    const def: IRouteDefinition = { method: 'GET', path: '/hello' };
+    kernel.route(def).handle((_ctx) => {
+        return Promise.resolve(new Response('OK', { status: 200 }));
+    });
+
+    const requests = Array.from(
+        { length: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS },
+        () =>
+            kernel.handle(
+                new Request('http://localhost/hello', { method: 'GET' }),
+            ),
+    );
+
+    b.start();
+    await Promise.all(requests);
+    b.end();
+});
+
+// Deno.bench('Complex request', async (b) => {
+//     const kernel = new HttpKernel();
+
+//     kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/test' })
+//         .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => {
+//             return await next();
+//         })
+//         .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => {
+//             return await next();
+//         })
+//         .handle((_ctx) => {
+//             return Promise.resolve(new Response('done'));
+//         });
+
+//     b.start();
+//     await kernel.handle(
+//         new Request('http://localhost/test', { method: 'GET' }),
+//     );
+//     b.end();
+// });
+
+Deno.bench('Complex request (parallel)', async (b) => {
+    const kernel = new HttpKernel();
+
+    kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/test' })
+        .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => {
+            return await next();
+        })
+        .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => {
+            return await next();
+        })
+        .handle((_ctx) => {
+            return Promise.resolve(new Response('done'));
+        });
+
+    const requests = Array.from(
+        { length: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS },
+        () =>
+            kernel.handle(
+                new Request('http://localhost/test', { method: 'GET' }),
+            ),
+    );
+
+    b.start();
+    await Promise.all(requests);
+    b.end();
+});

src/__tests__/HttpKernel.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import { assertEquals } from 'https://deno.land/std@0.204.0/assert/mod.ts';
+import {
+    assertEquals,
+    assertThrows,
+} from 'https://deno.land/std@0.204.0/assert/mod.ts';
 import { HttpKernel } from '../HttpKernel.ts';
 import type { IRouteDefinition } from '../Interfaces/mod.ts';
 
@@ -88,30 +91,32 @@ Deno.test('HttpKernel: middleware short-circuits pipeline', async () => {
     assertEquals(calls, ['mw1']);
 });
 
-Deno.test('HttpKernel: invalid middleware or handler signature triggers 500', async () => {
+Deno.test('HttpKernel: invalid middleware or handler signature throws at compile time', () => {
     const kernel = new HttpKernel();
 
     // Middleware with wrong signature (missing ctx, next)
-    kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/bad-mw' })
-        // @ts-expect-error invalid middleware
-        .middleware(() => new Response('invalid'))
-        .handle((_ctx) => Promise.resolve(new Response('ok')));
-
-    const res1 = await kernel.handle(new Request('http://localhost/bad-mw'));
-    assertEquals(res1.status, 500);
-    assertEquals(await res1.text(), 'Internal Server Error');
+    assertThrows(
+        () => {
+            kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/bad-mw' })
+                // @ts-expect-error invalid middleware
+                .middleware(() => new Response('invalid'))
+                .handle((_ctx) => Promise.resolve(new Response('ok')));
+        },
+        TypeError,
+        'Middleware at index 0 is not a valid function.',
+    );
 
     // Handler with wrong signature (no ctx)
-    kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/bad-handler' })
-        .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => await next())
-        // @ts-expect-error invalid handler
-        .handle(() => new Response('invalid'));
-
-    const res2 = await kernel.handle(
-        new Request('http://localhost/bad-handler'),
+    assertThrows(
+        () => {
+            kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/bad-handler' })
+                .middleware(async (_ctx, next) => await next())
+                // @ts-expect-error invalid handler
+                .handle(() => new Response('invalid'));
+        },
+        TypeError,
+        'Route handler must be a function returning a Promise<Response>.',
     );
-    assertEquals(res2.status, 500);
-    assertEquals(await res2.text(), 'Internal Server Error');
 });
 
 Deno.test('HttpKernel: 404 for unmatched route', async () => {
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ Deno.test('HttpKernel: skips route with wrong method', async () => {
     const kernel = new HttpKernel();
 
     kernel.route({ method: 'POST', path: '/only-post' })
-        .handle(() => Promise.resolve(new Response('nope')));
+        .handle((_ctx) => Promise.resolve(new Response('nope')));
 
     const res = await kernel.handle(
         new Request('http://localhost/only-post', { method: 'GET' }),
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ Deno.test('HttpKernel: handler throws → error propagates', async () => {
     const kernel = new HttpKernel();
 
     kernel.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/throw' })
-        .handle(() => {
+        .handle((_ctx) => {
             throw new Error('fail!');
         });
 

src/__tests__/RouteBuilder.test.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,24 @@ import type { Handler, Middleware } from '../Types/mod.ts';
 
 // Dummy objects
 // deno-lint-ignore require-await
-const dummyHandler: Handler = async () => new Response('ok');
+const dummyHandler: Handler = async (_) => new Response('ok');
+// deno-lint-ignore require-await
+const wrongHandler: Handler = async () => new Response('ok'); // Wrong signature, no ctx
 const dummyMiddleware: Middleware = async (_, next) => await next();
+// deno-lint-ignore require-await
+const wrongMiddleware: Middleware = async () => new Response('ok'); // Wrong signature, no ctx, next
 const dummyDef: IRouteDefinition = { method: 'GET', path: '/hello' };
 const dummyMatcher = () => ({ params: {} });
 
+Deno.test('middleware: throws if middleware signature is wrong', () => {
+    const builder = new RouteBuilder(() => {}, dummyDef);
+    assertThrows(
+        () => builder.middleware(wrongMiddleware).handle(dummyHandler),
+        TypeError,
+        'Middleware at index 0 is not a valid function.',
+    );
+});
+
 Deno.test('middleware: single middleware is registered correctly', () => {
     let registered: IInternalRoute | null = null as IInternalRoute | null;
 
@@ -51,6 +64,15 @@ Deno.test('middleware: preserves order of middleware', () => {
     assertEquals(result!.middlewares, [mw1, mw2]);
 });
 
+Deno.test('handle: throws if handler signature is wrong', () => {
+    const builder = new RouteBuilder(() => {}, dummyDef);
+    assertThrows(
+        () => builder.handle(wrongHandler),
+        TypeError,
+        'Route handler must be a function returning a Promise<Response>.',
+    );
+});
+
 Deno.test('handle: uppercases method', () => {
     let result: IInternalRoute | null = null as IInternalRoute | null;