refactor(types): unify handler and middleware definitions

- Consolidates `Handler` and `Middleware` types under `Types` module
- Replaces `IHandler` and `IMiddleware` interfaces with typed functions
- Simplifies imports and improves code organization
- Enhances debugging with named handlers and middlewares

src/HttpKernel.ts

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 import {
     IContext,
-    IHandler,
     IHttpKernel,
     IHttpKernelConfig,
     IInternalRoute,
-    IMiddleware,
     IRouteBuilder,
     IRouteDefinition,
-    isHandler,
-    isMiddleware,
 } from './Interfaces/mod.ts';
 import {
     DeepPartial,
+    Handler,
     HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
     HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
     HttpStatusTextMap,
+    isHandler,
+    isMiddleware,
+    Middleware,
 } from './Types/mod.ts';
 import { RouteBuilder } from './RouteBuilder.ts';
 import { createEmptyContext, normalizeError } from './Utils/mod.ts';
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ export class HttpKernel<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
      */
     private async executePipeline(
         ctx: TContext,
-        middleware: IMiddleware<TContext>[],
+        middleware: Middleware<TContext>[],
-        handler: IHandler<TContext>,
+        handler: Handler<TContext>,
     ): Promise<Response> {
         const handleInternalError = (ctx: TContext, err?: unknown) =>
             this.cfg.httpErrorHandlers[HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR](

src/Interfaces/IInternalRoute.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-import { HttpMethod } from '../Types/mod.ts';
+import { Handler, HttpMethod, Middleware } from '../Types/mod.ts';
-import { IHandler } from './IHandler.ts';
-import { IMiddleware } from './IMiddleware.ts';
 import { IContext, IRouteMatcher } from './mod.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -32,10 +30,10 @@ export interface IInternalRoute<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
     /**
      * An ordered list of middleware functions to be executed before the handler.
      */
-    middlewares: IMiddleware<TContext>[];
+    middlewares: Middleware<TContext>[];
 
     /**
      * The final handler that generates the HTTP response after all middleware has run.
      */
-    handler: IHandler<TContext>;
+    handler: Handler<TContext>;
 }

src/Interfaces/IRouteBuilder.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import { IHandler } from './IHandler.ts';
+import { Handler, Middleware } from '../Types/mod.ts';
 import { IInternalRoute } from './IInternalRoute.ts';
-import { IMiddleware } from './IMiddleware.ts';
 import { IRouteDefinition } from './IRouteDefinition.ts';
 import { IContext } from './mod.ts';
 
@@ -8,7 +7,7 @@ export interface IRouteBuilderFactory<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
     new (
         registerRoute: (route: IInternalRoute<TContext>) => void,
         def: IRouteDefinition,
-        mws?: IMiddleware<TContext>[],
+        mws?: Middleware<TContext>[],
     ): IRouteBuilder<TContext>;
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ export interface IRouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
      * @returns The route builder for further chaining.
      */
     middleware(
-        mw: IMiddleware<TContext>,
+        mw: Middleware<TContext>,
     ): IRouteBuilder<TContext>;
 
     /**
@@ -35,6 +34,6 @@ export interface IRouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
      * @param handler - The function to execute when this route is matched.
      */
     handle(
-        handler: IHandler<TContext>,
+        handler: Handler<TContext>,
     ): void;
 }

src/Interfaces/mod.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 // deno-coverage-ignore-file
 
 export type { IContext } from './IContext.ts';
-export { isHandler } from './IHandler.ts';
-export type { IHandler } from './IHandler.ts';
 export type { IHttpErrorHandlers } from './IHttpErrorHandlers.ts';
 export type { IHttpKernel } from './IHttpKernel.ts';
 export type { IHttpKernelConfig } from './IHttpKernelConfig.ts';
 export type { IInternalRoute } from './IInternalRoute.ts';
-export { isMiddleware } from './IMiddleware.ts';
-export type { IMiddleware } from './IMiddleware.ts';
 export type { IRouteBuilder, IRouteBuilderFactory } from './IRouteBuilder.ts';
 export {
     isDynamicRouteDefinition,

src/RouteBuilder.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 import { IRouteMatcherFactory } from './Interfaces/IRouteMatcher.ts';
-import {
+import { IContext, IRouteBuilder, IRouteDefinition } from './Interfaces/mod.ts';
-    IContext,
+import { Handler, Middleware, RegisterRoute } from './Types/mod.ts';
-    IHandler,
-    IMiddleware,
-    IRouteBuilder,
-    IRouteDefinition,
-} from './Interfaces/mod.ts';
-import { RegisterRoute } from './Types/mod.ts';
 import { createRouteMatcher } from './Utils/createRouteMatcher.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -27,7 +21,7 @@ export class RouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
     constructor(
         private readonly registerRoute: RegisterRoute<TContext>,
         private readonly def: IRouteDefinition,
-        private readonly mws: IMiddleware<TContext>[] = [],
+        private readonly mws: Middleware<TContext>[] = [],
         private readonly matcherFactory: IRouteMatcherFactory =
             createRouteMatcher,
     ) {}
@@ -42,7 +36,7 @@ export class RouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
      * @returns A new `RouteBuilder` instance for continued chaining.
      */
     middleware(
-        mw: IMiddleware<TContext>,
+        mw: Middleware<TContext>,
     ): IRouteBuilder<TContext> {
         return new RouteBuilder<TContext>(
             this.registerRoute,
@@ -60,7 +54,7 @@ export class RouteBuilder<TContext extends IContext = IContext>
      * @param handler - The final request handler for this route.
      */
     handle(
-        handler: IHandler<TContext>,
+        handler: Handler<TContext>,
     ): void {
         const matcher = this.matcherFactory(this.def);
         this.registerRoute({

src/Types/Handler.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { IContext } from './IContext.ts';
+import { IContext } from '../Interfaces/mod.ts';
 
 /**
  * Represents a final request handler responsible for producing an HTTP response.
@@ -11,16 +11,23 @@ import { IContext } from './IContext.ts';
  *
  * @template TContext The specific context type for this handler, including typed `state`, `params`, and `query`.
  */
-export interface IHandler<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
+type Handler<TContext extends IContext = IContext> = (
-    /**
+    ctx: TContext,
-     * Handles the request and generates a response.
+) => Promise<Response>;
-     *
+
-     * @param ctx - The complete request context, including request metadata, route and query parameters,
+/**
-     *              and mutable state populated during the middleware phase.
+ * Represents a handler function with an associated name.
-     * @returns A `Promise` resolving to an HTTP `Response` to be sent to the client.
+ *
-     */
+ * This is useful for debugging, logging, or when you need to reference
-    (ctx: TContext): Promise<Response>;
+ * the handler by name in your application.
-}
+ *
+ * @template TContext The specific context type for this handler, including typed `state`, `params`, and `query`.
+ */
+type NamedHandler<TContext extends IContext = IContext> =
+    & Handler<TContext>
+    & { name?: string };
+
+export type { NamedHandler as Handler };
 
 /**
  * Type guard to determine whether a given value is a valid `IHandler` function.
@@ -42,7 +49,7 @@ export interface IHandler<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
  */
 export function isHandler<TContext extends IContext = IContext>(
     value: unknown,
-): value is IHandler<TContext> {
+): value is Handler<TContext> {
     return (
         typeof value === 'function' &&
         value.length === 1 // ctx

src/Types/Middleware.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { IContext } from './IContext.ts';
+import { IContext } from '../Interfaces/IContext.ts';
 
 /**
  * Represents a middleware function in the HTTP request pipeline.
@@ -13,16 +13,24 @@ import { IContext } from './IContext.ts';
  *
  * @template TContext The specific context type for this middleware, including state, params, and query information.
  */
-export interface IMiddleware<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
+type Middleware<TContext extends IContext = IContext> = (
-    /**
+    ctx: TContext,
-     * Handles the request processing at this middleware stage.
+    next: () => Promise<Response>,
-     *
+) => Promise<Response>;
-     * @param ctx - The full request context, containing request, params, query, and typed state.
+
-     * @param next - A continuation function that executes the next middleware or handler in the pipeline.
+/**
-     * @returns A `Promise` resolving to an HTTP `Response`, either from this middleware or downstream.
+ * Represents a middleware function with an associated name.
-     */
+ *
-    (ctx: TContext, next: () => Promise<Response>): Promise<Response>;
+ * This is useful for debugging, logging, or when you need to reference
-}
+ * the middleware by name in your application.
+ *
+ * @template TContext The specific context type for this middleware, including state, params, and query information.
+ */
+type NamedMiddleware<TContext extends IContext = IContext> =
+    & Middleware<TContext>
+    & { name?: string };
+
+export type { NamedMiddleware as Middleware };
 
 /**
  * Type guard to verify whether a given value is a valid `IMiddleware` function.
@@ -35,7 +43,7 @@ export interface IMiddleware<TContext extends IContext = IContext> {
  */
 export function isMiddleware<TContext extends IContext = IContext>(
     value: unknown,
-): value is IMiddleware<TContext> {
+): value is Middleware<TContext> {
     return (
         typeof value === 'function' &&
         value.length === 2 // ctx, next

src/Types/mod.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // deno-coverage-ignore-file
 
 export type { DeepPartial } from './DeepPartial.ts';
+export { isHandler } from './Handler.ts';
+export type { Handler } from './Handler.ts';
 export type { HttpErrorHandler } from './HttpErrorHandler.ts';
 export { isHttpMethod, validHttpMethods } from './HttpMethod.ts';
 export type { HttpMethod } from './HttpMethod.ts';
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ export {
     validHttpStatusCodes,
 } from './HttpStatusCode.ts';
 export type { HttpStatusCode } from './HttpStatusCode.ts';
+export { isMiddleware } from './Middleware.ts';
+export type { Middleware } from './Middleware.ts';
 export type { Params } from './Params.ts';
 export type { Query } from './Query.ts';
 export type { RegisterRoute } from './RegisterRoute.ts';

src/Utils/createRouteMatcher.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ export function createRouteMatcher(
         // 3b. Extract route params
         const params: Params = {};
         for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(result.pathname.groups)) {
-            params[key] = value ?? ''; // null → empty string
+            if (value) {
+                params[key] = value;
+            }
         }
 
         // 3c. Extract query parameters – keep duplicates as arrays

src/__tests__/RouteBuilder.test.ts

@@ -4,17 +4,14 @@ import {
     assertNotEquals,
     assertThrows,
 } from 'https://deno.land/std@0.204.0/assert/mod.ts';
-import {
+import { IInternalRoute, IRouteDefinition } from '../Interfaces/mod.ts';
-    IHandler,
-    IInternalRoute,
-    IMiddleware,
-    IRouteDefinition,
-} from '../Interfaces/mod.ts';
 import { RouteBuilder } from '../mod.ts';
+import { Handler, Middleware } from '../Types/mod.ts';
 
 // Dummy objects
-const dummyHandler: IHandler = async () => new Response('ok');
+// deno-lint-ignore require-await
-const dummyMiddleware: IMiddleware = async (_, next) => await next();
+const dummyHandler: Handler = async () => new Response('ok');
+const dummyMiddleware: Middleware = async (_, next) => await next();
 const dummyDef: IRouteDefinition = { method: 'GET', path: '/hello' };
 const dummyMatcher = () => ({ params: {} });
 
@@ -39,8 +36,8 @@ Deno.test('middleware: middleware is chained immutably', () => {
 });
 
 Deno.test('middleware: preserves order of middleware', () => {
-    const mw1: IMiddleware = async (_, next) => await next();
+    const mw1: Middleware = async (_, next) => await next();
-    const mw2: IMiddleware = async (_, next) => await next();
+    const mw2: Middleware = async (_, next) => await next();
 
     let result: IInternalRoute | null = null as IInternalRoute | null;